The people shaping AI, and where each of them stands.

Sourced profiles of the researchers and founders whose work and arguments set the direction of the field: what they built, what they believe, how their views have changed, and who disagrees with them.

Andrew Ng, Dario Amodei, David Silver, Demis Hassabis, Emily M. Bender, Fei-Fei Li, Gary Marcus, Geoffrey Hinton, Ilya Sutskever, Jensen Huang, Mustafa Suleyman, Sam Altman, Timnit Gebru, Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio

In their words

"I'm very confident that, if the only recipe is scaling up existing transformer networks, I don't think that will get us there. We still need additional technical breakthroughs."
Andrew Ng TIME100 AI profile, 2023
"I think that most people are underestimating just how radical the upside of AI could be, just as I think most people are underestimating how bad the risks could be."
Dario Amodei Machines of Loving Grace, 2024
"In key domains such as mathematics, coding, and science, the knowledge extracted from human data is rapidly approaching a limit."
David Silver Welcome to the Era of Experience, with Richard Sutton, 2025
"There are some root node problems that, if you solve them, you unlock entire new branches of research."
Demis Hassabis Daedalus, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2026
"But we haven't learned how to stop imagining the mind behind it."
Emily M. Bender New York magazine, "You Are Not a Parrot," after saying we have learned to make machines that can mindlessly generate text, 2023
"Yet they remain wordsmiths in the dark; eloquent but inexperienced, knowledgeable but ungrounded."
Fei-Fei Li From Words to Worlds essay, on large language models, 2025
"To paraphrase an old parable, Hinton has built a better ladder; but a better ladder doesn't necessarily get you to the moon."
Gary Marcus Is "Deep Learning" a Revolution in Artificial Intelligence?, The New Yorker, 2012
"I like to think of it as: imagine yourself and a three-year-old. We'll be the three-year-olds."
Geoffrey Hinton BBC Radio 4 Today programme, reported by The Guardian, 2024
"Everyone just says scaling hypothesis. Everyone neglects to ask, what are we scaling?"
Ilya Sutskever Interview on SSI's first funding round, September 2024, reported by Business Today, 2024
"It is our job to create computing technologies that nobody has to program and that the programming language is human: everybody in the world is now a programmer."
Jensen Huang World Governments Summit, Dubai, 2024
"We must build AI for people; not to be a digital person."
Mustafa Suleyman "We must build AI for people; not to be a person", 2025
"We are past the event horizon; the takeoff has started. Humanity is close to building digital superintelligence, and at least so far it's much less weird than it seems like it should be."
Sam Altman The Gentle Singularity, 2025
"When a bridge collapses, you don't analyze whether the bridge was ethical or sentient or why it decided to collapse. You ask, who is the person who built this bridge to be so flimsy?"
Timnit Gebru Interview with Wired, 2026
"People have had this illusion, or delusion, that it is a matter of time until we can scale them up to having human-level intelligence, and that is simply false."
Yann LeCun MIT Technology Review interview, 2026
"It is painful to face the idea that we may have been contributing to something that could be greatly destructive."
Yoshua Bengio Personal and psychological dimensions of AI researchers confronting AI catastrophic risks, personal blog, 2023
"We could summarize this as a 'country of geniuses in a datacenter'."
Dario Amodei Machines of Loving Grace, 2024
"If AI is to be truly useful, it must understand worlds, not just words. Worlds are governed by geometry, physics, and dynamics, and reconciling the semantic, spatial, and physical is the next great frontier of AI."
Fei-Fei Li World Labs funding announcement, reported by TechCrunch, 2026
"AI needs to be brought back down to earth. It has been elevated to a superhuman level that leads us to believe it is both inevitable and beyond our control."
Timnit Gebru DAIR launch press release, 2021

Every fact has a source

Each profile lists the papers, talks, testimony and reporting it draws on. Quotes are verbatim, dated and linked.

Positions, and how they moved

Stances on risk, regulation, open models and timelines, each with a quote and a note on what has changed since.

The other side, argued properly

Every profile carries the strongest case against its subject, names who makes it, and says where the argument stands.

For founders and leadership teams

The research tells you what is changing. EMX helps you decide what to do about it.

I use the same vendor-neutral research behind Frontier Minds to help teams find where AI fits, choose what to ignore, and turn the right opportunity into a working system.